Chapter 98： , 1,893
1893 was a turbulent year. On January 17, Queen Lilililiuokalani, the last monarch of the Kingdom of Hawaii, tried to amend the constitution, but it triggered a coup. In this coup, Hawaii The kingdom was eventually overthrown.
It is worth mentioning that after the coup, the American army quickly landed in Hawaii, which made this political success. After the coup, the Queen was placed under house arrest in the Irani Palace, Hawaii’s monarchy was replaced by the rebel’s provisional government, Hawaii entered the Republic period and eventually became part of the United States in 1898.
100 years after the coup, the U.S. Congress passed a public international law 103-105, also known as the "Apology Resolution", which publicly apologized for the U.S. government's participation in supporting the coup in the Kingdom of Hawaii. This resolution was signed by US President Bill Clinton on November 23, 1993.
The demise of the Kingdom of Hawaii indicates that the United States has become unwilling to be lonely. It has set off the clarion call for expansion into the Pacific, and has also laid a hidden danger for the future conflicts between the United States and Japan.
In 1893, Britain announced the establishment of the "Nigeria Coast Protectorate." In the same year, France occupied the adjacent Dahomey area. The British "Royal Niger Company" had a fierce conflict with France on the western border of Nigeria. During the Niger crisis, Britain and France almost went to war. The conflict lasted until 1898, when the two countries signed an agreement to partition West Africa.
In the same year, the Anglo-German South Africa crisis broke out. In order to prevent Britain from acquiring the entire South Africa and annexing the two Boer republics, in 1893, German capitalists, with the support of the government, built a railway from Pretoya to Maputo.
The Boer Republic gained access to the Indian Ocean and got rid of its dependence on the British port. Germany controlled most of the Boer’s trade, and the conflict between Britain and Germany in South Africa intensified.
……
These major international events have little impact on Bulgaria in a short period of time, but it is important to study international relations. Ferdinand maintained the good habit of collecting information, and sent a copy to the military and political leaders, which was a help to broaden their horizons.
The economic crisis broke out in 1893, and the United States, as far away as the Pacific region, suffered this time. As the sequelae of excessive investment in railways broke out, the railway bubble was burst, triggering a full-scale economic crisis.
As soon as the American railroad crisis was legendary, it attracted the attention of all walks of life in Bulgaria. Bulgaria's large railway plan has also caused widespread concern and panic among the community. In order to stabilize people's hearts, Ferdinand copied "seeking truth from facts" articles in major Bulgarian newspapers.
The article pointed out the causes and consequences of the American railroad crisis, and emphasized that "repetitive construction and vicious competition" are the core of this crisis. Enumerating a large amount of evidence that the Bulgarian railway plan is feasible, and it is publicly announced that the government will not approve the establishment of multiple railways on the same line to avoid vicious competition.
1893 was a crucial year for Bulgaria. On August 15, the first steel plant in Bulgaria, the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant, was officially put into operation, with a daily output of 525 tons of steel, including 105 tons of steel and 420 tons of iron. (Remarks: The equipment maintenance and repair of steel plants in the 19th century took a lot of time, and daily production cannot be guaranteed)
The commissioning of Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen marks a new chapter in Bulgarian heavy industry. Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant was not only the largest steel plant in Bulgaria at the time, but also ranked in the top 30 even in the world.
Thanks to Bulgaria's big railway plan, Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant can produce as much as possible without worrying about sales in the short term.
Due to lack of coking coal for steelmaking in Bulgaria, it needs to be imported from Ukraine, which raises the cost of steel plants. Compared with the current steel prices in the international market, it is not competitive, but the Bulgarian government still chose to support domestic production.
In fact, as soon as the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant was put into operation, Ferdinand stopped importing steel from abroad, even though the steel was cheap during the economic crisis. (After the outbreak of the economic crisis, international steel prices fell by one third)
Ferdinand is very clear about the importance of steel to a country. Even if the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant is not competitive in the short term and may even suffer losses, it must continue to do so.
Well, with the establishment of the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant, Ferdinand made a fortune from his middle school. The machinery factory, which has been transformed into spare parts, finally got a long-lost big order. Although the profit of the product is not lucrative, the maintenance of the equipment in the later stage is the big head. Anyway, now Bulgaria and the entire Balkan region, only this company has this technical strength.
The Royal Bank, which has just been established, ushered in its first business and found a market for its iron ore. Although it is a supply of cabbage, there are additional conditions. The financial business of Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen was underwritten by Royal Bank, which is a good deal no matter what.
The good news in Bulgaria has been one after another recently, and the benefits of the full completion of the "First Five-Year Plan" have begun to manifest.
For example, the improvement of transportation has led to a sharp drop in Bulgaria’s logistics costs, accelerated commodity transactions, and promoted economic development. According to statistics from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bulgaria’s economic growth rate was 13% in the first half of 1893 compared to 1892.
It is also like the promotion of new agricultural technology, and the income of farmers has increased substantially. In this era, there are not many recreational activities in rural areas. When life is good, the human-creation movement will naturally begin, and newborn babies are born one after another. According to expert estimates, the number of newborn babies in Bulgaria in 1893 was as high as 185,000 to 191,000, and the birth rate continued to remain at a high level, about 4.725% to 4.775%.
……
In the midsummer of 1893, the sky in Sofia was extremely hot, the scorching sun was like fire, and the earth was like a steamer, too hot to breathe.
On August 18, Ferdinand hurriedly got into the carriage against the rising sun, and hurried out, trying to avoid the strong sun.
Today is a big day. The first Bulgarian university student is about to graduate. How could Ferdinand, the principal of the school, be absent?
Ferdinand is in a bad mood now, God seems to be trying to be right with him, today’s weather is exceptionally hot, it can be said to be the hottest day since the beginning of summer.
Although there are ice cubes in the carriage that can cool down, how can Ferdinand be a pleasure-seeking person, thinking that the weather in the morning should not be hot, and in order to show the spirit of sharing happiness with the soldiers, he decisively asked people to withdraw before setting off. .
Then he regrets it now. The summer weather really cannot be managed by common sense. The good weather before going out has suddenly become sultry. Ferdinand, who wanted to cry without tears, was now knocking out his teeth and swallowing it in his belly, just hoping to reach the destination sooner.
The journey did not change according to Ferdinand’s expectations. It lasted more than three hours before the team slowly entered the Bulgarian University. At this time, Ferdinand was already sweating.
Getting out of the carriage, and watching the teachers and students waiting for a long time under the scorching sun, Ferdinand's mood has improved a lot, and finally he was not alone. As for the soldiers who were decisively ignored by Ferdinand, compared with the usual training situation, rushing for a few hours under the scorching sun is all in pediatrics.
Under the warm welcome of all the teachers and students, Ferdinand stepped onto the podium and began a passionate speech under the strong sun.
"Good morning, classmates and teachers, everyone, I am very glad to see you here today! You are all the elites of the country and the hope of the nation!
Today, we are standing here! Standing on the land of the Bulgarians! Standing in Sofia, this land watered with blood and dignity by our ancestors!
Open our history book, we have a long history of thousands of years, we have too much glorious history, UU reading is worth going to the big book special book!
now what? ? ?
A small country in the Balkans! !
Some people may say that a lot of objective reasons will be found! !
Today I want to tell everyone, that's all shit! !
Why is Bulgaria weak in modern times? ?
means that there are more people talking and fewer people working! ! ! An exaggerated grand theorist, in fact, his contribution to this country is not as good as an ordinary worker or a hardworking peasant! !
There are some knowledgeable people in modern times who are looking for a way to become a powerful country in Europe. But I want to say that they are all wrong! ! The reason that restricts Bulgaria's strength is simple, it is not thought, nor is it system! ! In fact, we all know that there are only two core issues: one is resources; the other is population!
Throughout the world’s major powers, without exception, they have these two conditions! ! Many people dare not face this problem, why? ? ?
Are they incompetent? ? Didn't find these problems? ? of course not! ! !
'Empty talk will lead to the country, work hard to rejuvenate the country', don't have any hope for a group of talkers! ! They are not the hope of this country, you are! !
Behind us, there are four million Bulgarians. Their hard work has nurtured us! !
What for? ?
Dignity! The dignity of a person alive! !
In order to be among the nations of the world, we can proudly say: Bulgaria has risen! !
Find a problem, face the problem squarely, and find a way to solve it! ! ! A country cannot be strong overnight. We can't do it in ten years. What about twenty years? ? It still doesn't work, it doesn't matter that we can continue to work hard, fifty years from now, one hundred years from now, one day we can complete the great rejuvenation of our country and nation..."
It is worth mentioning that after the coup, the American army quickly landed in Hawaii, which made this political success. After the coup, the Queen was placed under house arrest in the Irani Palace, Hawaii’s monarchy was replaced by the rebel’s provisional government, Hawaii entered the Republic period and eventually became part of the United States in 1898.
100 years after the coup, the U.S. Congress passed a public international law 103-105, also known as the "Apology Resolution", which publicly apologized for the U.S. government's participation in supporting the coup in the Kingdom of Hawaii. This resolution was signed by US President Bill Clinton on November 23, 1993.
The demise of the Kingdom of Hawaii indicates that the United States has become unwilling to be lonely. It has set off the clarion call for expansion into the Pacific, and has also laid a hidden danger for the future conflicts between the United States and Japan.
In 1893, Britain announced the establishment of the "Nigeria Coast Protectorate." In the same year, France occupied the adjacent Dahomey area. The British "Royal Niger Company" had a fierce conflict with France on the western border of Nigeria. During the Niger crisis, Britain and France almost went to war. The conflict lasted until 1898, when the two countries signed an agreement to partition West Africa.
In the same year, the Anglo-German South Africa crisis broke out. In order to prevent Britain from acquiring the entire South Africa and annexing the two Boer republics, in 1893, German capitalists, with the support of the government, built a railway from Pretoya to Maputo.
The Boer Republic gained access to the Indian Ocean and got rid of its dependence on the British port. Germany controlled most of the Boer’s trade, and the conflict between Britain and Germany in South Africa intensified.
……
These major international events have little impact on Bulgaria in a short period of time, but it is important to study international relations. Ferdinand maintained the good habit of collecting information, and sent a copy to the military and political leaders, which was a help to broaden their horizons.
The economic crisis broke out in 1893, and the United States, as far away as the Pacific region, suffered this time. As the sequelae of excessive investment in railways broke out, the railway bubble was burst, triggering a full-scale economic crisis.
As soon as the American railroad crisis was legendary, it attracted the attention of all walks of life in Bulgaria. Bulgaria's large railway plan has also caused widespread concern and panic among the community. In order to stabilize people's hearts, Ferdinand copied "seeking truth from facts" articles in major Bulgarian newspapers.
The article pointed out the causes and consequences of the American railroad crisis, and emphasized that "repetitive construction and vicious competition" are the core of this crisis. Enumerating a large amount of evidence that the Bulgarian railway plan is feasible, and it is publicly announced that the government will not approve the establishment of multiple railways on the same line to avoid vicious competition.
1893 was a crucial year for Bulgaria. On August 15, the first steel plant in Bulgaria, the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant, was officially put into operation, with a daily output of 525 tons of steel, including 105 tons of steel and 420 tons of iron. (Remarks: The equipment maintenance and repair of steel plants in the 19th century took a lot of time, and daily production cannot be guaranteed)
The commissioning of Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen marks a new chapter in Bulgarian heavy industry. Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant was not only the largest steel plant in Bulgaria at the time, but also ranked in the top 30 even in the world.
Thanks to Bulgaria's big railway plan, Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant can produce as much as possible without worrying about sales in the short term.
Due to lack of coking coal for steelmaking in Bulgaria, it needs to be imported from Ukraine, which raises the cost of steel plants. Compared with the current steel prices in the international market, it is not competitive, but the Bulgarian government still chose to support domestic production.
In fact, as soon as the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant was put into operation, Ferdinand stopped importing steel from abroad, even though the steel was cheap during the economic crisis. (After the outbreak of the economic crisis, international steel prices fell by one third)
Ferdinand is very clear about the importance of steel to a country. Even if the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant is not competitive in the short term and may even suffer losses, it must continue to do so.
Well, with the establishment of the Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen Steel Plant, Ferdinand made a fortune from his middle school. The machinery factory, which has been transformed into spare parts, finally got a long-lost big order. Although the profit of the product is not lucrative, the maintenance of the equipment in the later stage is the big head. Anyway, now Bulgaria and the entire Balkan region, only this company has this technical strength.
The Royal Bank, which has just been established, ushered in its first business and found a market for its iron ore. Although it is a supply of cabbage, there are additional conditions. The financial business of Mercedes-Benz Volkswagen was underwritten by Royal Bank, which is a good deal no matter what.
The good news in Bulgaria has been one after another recently, and the benefits of the full completion of the "First Five-Year Plan" have begun to manifest.
For example, the improvement of transportation has led to a sharp drop in Bulgaria’s logistics costs, accelerated commodity transactions, and promoted economic development. According to statistics from the Ministry of Economic Affairs, Bulgaria’s economic growth rate was 13% in the first half of 1893 compared to 1892.
It is also like the promotion of new agricultural technology, and the income of farmers has increased substantially. In this era, there are not many recreational activities in rural areas. When life is good, the human-creation movement will naturally begin, and newborn babies are born one after another. According to expert estimates, the number of newborn babies in Bulgaria in 1893 was as high as 185,000 to 191,000, and the birth rate continued to remain at a high level, about 4.725% to 4.775%.
……
In the midsummer of 1893, the sky in Sofia was extremely hot, the scorching sun was like fire, and the earth was like a steamer, too hot to breathe.
On August 18, Ferdinand hurriedly got into the carriage against the rising sun, and hurried out, trying to avoid the strong sun.
Today is a big day. The first Bulgarian university student is about to graduate. How could Ferdinand, the principal of the school, be absent?
Ferdinand is in a bad mood now, God seems to be trying to be right with him, today’s weather is exceptionally hot, it can be said to be the hottest day since the beginning of summer.
Although there are ice cubes in the carriage that can cool down, how can Ferdinand be a pleasure-seeking person, thinking that the weather in the morning should not be hot, and in order to show the spirit of sharing happiness with the soldiers, he decisively asked people to withdraw before setting off. .
Then he regrets it now. The summer weather really cannot be managed by common sense. The good weather before going out has suddenly become sultry. Ferdinand, who wanted to cry without tears, was now knocking out his teeth and swallowing it in his belly, just hoping to reach the destination sooner.
The journey did not change according to Ferdinand’s expectations. It lasted more than three hours before the team slowly entered the Bulgarian University. At this time, Ferdinand was already sweating.
Getting out of the carriage, and watching the teachers and students waiting for a long time under the scorching sun, Ferdinand's mood has improved a lot, and finally he was not alone. As for the soldiers who were decisively ignored by Ferdinand, compared with the usual training situation, rushing for a few hours under the scorching sun is all in pediatrics.
Under the warm welcome of all the teachers and students, Ferdinand stepped onto the podium and began a passionate speech under the strong sun.
"Good morning, classmates and teachers, everyone, I am very glad to see you here today! You are all the elites of the country and the hope of the nation!
Today, we are standing here! Standing on the land of the Bulgarians! Standing in Sofia, this land watered with blood and dignity by our ancestors!
Open our history book, we have a long history of thousands of years, we have too much glorious history, UU reading is worth going to the big book special book!
now what? ? ?
A small country in the Balkans! !
Some people may say that a lot of objective reasons will be found! !
Today I want to tell everyone, that's all shit! !
Why is Bulgaria weak in modern times? ?
means that there are more people talking and fewer people working! ! ! An exaggerated grand theorist, in fact, his contribution to this country is not as good as an ordinary worker or a hardworking peasant! !
There are some knowledgeable people in modern times who are looking for a way to become a powerful country in Europe. But I want to say that they are all wrong! ! The reason that restricts Bulgaria's strength is simple, it is not thought, nor is it system! ! In fact, we all know that there are only two core issues: one is resources; the other is population!
Throughout the world’s major powers, without exception, they have these two conditions! ! Many people dare not face this problem, why? ? ?
Are they incompetent? ? Didn't find these problems? ? of course not! ! !
'Empty talk will lead to the country, work hard to rejuvenate the country', don't have any hope for a group of talkers! ! They are not the hope of this country, you are! !
Behind us, there are four million Bulgarians. Their hard work has nurtured us! !
What for? ?
Dignity! The dignity of a person alive! !
In order to be among the nations of the world, we can proudly say: Bulgaria has risen! !
Find a problem, face the problem squarely, and find a way to solve it! ! ! A country cannot be strong overnight. We can't do it in ten years. What about twenty years? ? It still doesn't work, it doesn't matter that we can continue to work hard, fifty years from now, one hundred years from now, one day we can complete the great rejuvenation of our country and nation..."
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