Chapter 706： Number of civilizations
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"Well, indeed."
William nodded in agreement.
Before the "Three-Body" came out, William, who had not yet crossed, hoped that mankind could find alien forces, races and civilizations.
But after the "Three-Body" came out, William only felt that the pioneers and travelers launched by NASA were simply a totally wise operation.
Send the probe to leave the solar system and then leave, and also engrave the coordinates of the earth, and what is the operation of engraving human DNA?
Home delivery?
"Two-way foil...Two-way foil." At this time, Halsey murmured to herself again, and then squeezed the right hand of William's left hand, and said with an expression of excitement:
"After hearing this word, I can finally understand why there are so many completely dark regions in the observable universe.
This is very likely to be the attack measures of some higher civilizations on lower civilizations, or the interstellar war between two higher civilizations, resulting in a completely dark zone in the universe.
It is impossible to observe, no light can escape, and even black holes cannot exist.
Just as Robert Heinlein, the author of "Starship Paratroopers", first mentioned concepts such as power armor and orbital airborne in his sci-fi works.
With the passage and development of time, our human technology really has tens of thousands of powered armors and orbital paratroopers like "Starship Paratroopers".
Sure enough, the progress of science will never be possible without the romantic ideas or ideas of those science fiction writers.
The "Three-Body" that you just told me made me suddenly enlightened~. "
"..." Seeing Halsey's excited look, William instantly felt his head grow bigger, and then said helplessly:
"Catherine, I don't think this kind of thing is worthy of happiness. If there really is a civilization with two-way foil in this universe... Then we humans and elites face them, don't we even have a chance to resist?"
"Hum..." Seeing William express his worries, Halsey also put aside his smile and said:
"You asked me before, how many civilizations exist in this universe, right?"
"Ok."
"This problem is easy to solve." Halsey said, and took out the ultra-thin transparent mobile phone of Umbrella Technology from the pocket of her lady's suit and pants.
Touch the fingerprint to unlock the screen.
Turn on the holographic projection, and then she manipulated it again, so that a mathematical formula appeared in front of her and William.
N=R**Fp*Ne*Fl*Fi*Fc*L.
Seeing the mathematical formula, William's headache became more serious, and he immediately said to Halsey with a wry smile:
"Catherine, can you explain to me what this is... Ever since I picked up a pen that fell on the floor when I was in math class in high school, I can no longer face math directly."
"You can't do physics, physics, mathematics... Fortunately, Ivan and Yelena didn't follow you, otherwise they would be abandoned..."
Halsey gave William a blank look, then looked at the formula in front of them, and explained to William:
"This formula is called Derek's formula, which was proposed by Frank Derek in 1961 to calculate the number of civilizations in the galaxy.
The N in it is obvious, that is, how many civilizations exist in the galaxy.
R* represents the generation rate of appropriate stars, such as our sun.
The sun has a sufficient range of habitable zones, and its age is also at the age of 40 to 5 billion years in the prime of life.
For example, it took three to four billion years for our planet to develop life, and if a star has become a red giant or a super galaxy explodes before that, then this star is not applicable.
According to calculations based on the evolutionary models of the ancestors, one such star will appear in the Milky Way galaxy approximately every year of the earth.
That is, R* is equal to 1.
Fp is the value of how many planets the star system has. For example, in our solar system, the eight planets is 8.
But we can't use the scale and rules of the solar system to estimate the star system in the entire Milky Way, so we can't determine the specific value.
Ne represents the number of planets with conditions for life evolution, derivation and development among the planets in these star systems.
Any conditions must be included, such as the composition of the atmosphere, whether asteroids will collide, the temperature difference between day and night, and so on.
Fl represents that planets that meet Ne conditions can evolve into organisms with DNA or genetic material.
Fi represents that planets that meet Ne conditions can evolve into intelligent life forms, such as our human existence.
Fc represents the probability that the planets that meet the Ne condition can release signal and radio wave communication to the outside world. .
The last L represents the average life span of a technological civilization.
Take us as an example. In 1893, Nikola Tesla demonstrated wireless for the first time, and it has been 134 earth years until now.
In other words, it was Tesla that allowed us to enter the era of technological civilization in a true sense. "
"hiss…"
After listening to Halsey's series of explanations, William couldn't help but breathe in cold air. He raised his right hand to cover his forehead and pinched hard, trying to wake himself up a little bit.
a bit sleepy.
Just like taking a math class, the hypnotic effect of a math teacher is much better than any sleeping pills.
"Haha~." Seeing William's frowning face, Halsey couldn't help raising his left hand and covering his mouth with a smile, and then explained in a simple and clear way:
"Before encountering Reaper, Mimicry, and Star Covenant, if there is a value of 0 in the above formula, then our earth is the luckiest, most likely, and most lonely existence in the universe.
But after encountering these civilizations, it can represent that the number in those values will never be 0.
In the past few years, two astronomers were idle, using a series of mathematical formulas and models to deduce every numerical value in the formula.
The final conclusion is that the number of planets with advanced civilizations in the Milky Way is about 11.117336, and there are almost eleven types of planets with advanced civilizations.
After we encountered the Star Alliance, this number was quite accurate. "
"So the number of civilizations in the universe?" William asked curiously.
"call…"
Halsey closed his eyes lightly and slowly, after opening his eyes again, he lifted his left hand and said with five fingers spread out:
"unlimited.
There are hundreds of billions of large galaxies in our observable universe. The number of star coefficients similar to the Milky Way is about one billion, and the number is about 100 billion.
Remember This is still the observable universe.
So what I can say is that there are infinite alien advanced civilizations in the universe. I can only say that our galaxy is relatively remote and desolate. "
"Infinite..." After listening to Halsey's estimates, William clenched the railing with both hands, and said with cold sweat on his forehead:
"Then this represents the number of level three civilizations, it is also countless?"
"This is not necessarily." Halsey said with a denial attitude:
"Forerunners and ancient humans are beings created by such super-high civilizations as pioneers, and they quickly evolve into third-level civilizations under the guidance of pioneers.
On the other hand, the number of civilizations that rely on their own star systems and galaxy conditions to leap to the third level is very small. Although they are placed in the universe in a considerable number, they are very rare compared to the universe.
I firmly believe that our Milky Way is a special case. "
"Well, indeed."
William nodded in agreement.
Before the "Three-Body" came out, William, who had not yet crossed, hoped that mankind could find alien forces, races and civilizations.
But after the "Three-Body" came out, William only felt that the pioneers and travelers launched by NASA were simply a totally wise operation.
Send the probe to leave the solar system and then leave, and also engrave the coordinates of the earth, and what is the operation of engraving human DNA?
Home delivery?
"Two-way foil...Two-way foil." At this time, Halsey murmured to herself again, and then squeezed the right hand of William's left hand, and said with an expression of excitement:
"After hearing this word, I can finally understand why there are so many completely dark regions in the observable universe.
This is very likely to be the attack measures of some higher civilizations on lower civilizations, or the interstellar war between two higher civilizations, resulting in a completely dark zone in the universe.
It is impossible to observe, no light can escape, and even black holes cannot exist.
Just as Robert Heinlein, the author of "Starship Paratroopers", first mentioned concepts such as power armor and orbital airborne in his sci-fi works.
With the passage and development of time, our human technology really has tens of thousands of powered armors and orbital paratroopers like "Starship Paratroopers".
Sure enough, the progress of science will never be possible without the romantic ideas or ideas of those science fiction writers.
The "Three-Body" that you just told me made me suddenly enlightened~. "
"..." Seeing Halsey's excited look, William instantly felt his head grow bigger, and then said helplessly:
"Catherine, I don't think this kind of thing is worthy of happiness. If there really is a civilization with two-way foil in this universe... Then we humans and elites face them, don't we even have a chance to resist?"
"Hum..." Seeing William express his worries, Halsey also put aside his smile and said:
"You asked me before, how many civilizations exist in this universe, right?"
"Ok."
"This problem is easy to solve." Halsey said, and took out the ultra-thin transparent mobile phone of Umbrella Technology from the pocket of her lady's suit and pants.
Touch the fingerprint to unlock the screen.
Turn on the holographic projection, and then she manipulated it again, so that a mathematical formula appeared in front of her and William.
N=R**Fp*Ne*Fl*Fi*Fc*L.
Seeing the mathematical formula, William's headache became more serious, and he immediately said to Halsey with a wry smile:
"Catherine, can you explain to me what this is... Ever since I picked up a pen that fell on the floor when I was in math class in high school, I can no longer face math directly."
"You can't do physics, physics, mathematics... Fortunately, Ivan and Yelena didn't follow you, otherwise they would be abandoned..."
Halsey gave William a blank look, then looked at the formula in front of them, and explained to William:
"This formula is called Derek's formula, which was proposed by Frank Derek in 1961 to calculate the number of civilizations in the galaxy.
The N in it is obvious, that is, how many civilizations exist in the galaxy.
R* represents the generation rate of appropriate stars, such as our sun.
The sun has a sufficient range of habitable zones, and its age is also at the age of 40 to 5 billion years in the prime of life.
For example, it took three to four billion years for our planet to develop life, and if a star has become a red giant or a super galaxy explodes before that, then this star is not applicable.
According to calculations based on the evolutionary models of the ancestors, one such star will appear in the Milky Way galaxy approximately every year of the earth.
That is, R* is equal to 1.
Fp is the value of how many planets the star system has. For example, in our solar system, the eight planets is 8.
But we can't use the scale and rules of the solar system to estimate the star system in the entire Milky Way, so we can't determine the specific value.
Ne represents the number of planets with conditions for life evolution, derivation and development among the planets in these star systems.
Any conditions must be included, such as the composition of the atmosphere, whether asteroids will collide, the temperature difference between day and night, and so on.
Fl represents that planets that meet Ne conditions can evolve into organisms with DNA or genetic material.
Fi represents that planets that meet Ne conditions can evolve into intelligent life forms, such as our human existence.
Fc represents the probability that the planets that meet the Ne condition can release signal and radio wave communication to the outside world. .
The last L represents the average life span of a technological civilization.
Take us as an example. In 1893, Nikola Tesla demonstrated wireless for the first time, and it has been 134 earth years until now.
In other words, it was Tesla that allowed us to enter the era of technological civilization in a true sense. "
"hiss…"
After listening to Halsey's series of explanations, William couldn't help but breathe in cold air. He raised his right hand to cover his forehead and pinched hard, trying to wake himself up a little bit.
a bit sleepy.
Just like taking a math class, the hypnotic effect of a math teacher is much better than any sleeping pills.
"Haha~." Seeing William's frowning face, Halsey couldn't help raising his left hand and covering his mouth with a smile, and then explained in a simple and clear way:
"Before encountering Reaper, Mimicry, and Star Covenant, if there is a value of 0 in the above formula, then our earth is the luckiest, most likely, and most lonely existence in the universe.
But after encountering these civilizations, it can represent that the number in those values will never be 0.
In the past few years, two astronomers were idle, using a series of mathematical formulas and models to deduce every numerical value in the formula.
The final conclusion is that the number of planets with advanced civilizations in the Milky Way is about 11.117336, and there are almost eleven types of planets with advanced civilizations.
After we encountered the Star Alliance, this number was quite accurate. "
"So the number of civilizations in the universe?" William asked curiously.
"call…"
Halsey closed his eyes lightly and slowly, after opening his eyes again, he lifted his left hand and said with five fingers spread out:
"unlimited.
There are hundreds of billions of large galaxies in our observable universe. The number of star coefficients similar to the Milky Way is about one billion, and the number is about 100 billion.
Remember This is still the observable universe.
So what I can say is that there are infinite alien advanced civilizations in the universe. I can only say that our galaxy is relatively remote and desolate. "
"Infinite..." After listening to Halsey's estimates, William clenched the railing with both hands, and said with cold sweat on his forehead:
"Then this represents the number of level three civilizations, it is also countless?"
"This is not necessarily." Halsey said with a denial attitude:
"Forerunners and ancient humans are beings created by such super-high civilizations as pioneers, and they quickly evolve into third-level civilizations under the guidance of pioneers.
On the other hand, the number of civilizations that rely on their own star systems and galaxy conditions to leap to the third level is very small. Although they are placed in the universe in a considerable number, they are very rare compared to the universe.
I firmly believe that our Milky Way is a special case. "
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